Philosophical Currents

 

Ancient - VI BC - IV BC Century 

Concern for the nature and origin of things (Presocratic). Study of ethics and politics (Socrates and Aristotle). Philosophies of life and search for meaning (Hermeneutics).

Dogmatism: Dogmatism is a position in which someone asserts their beliefs as absolute truths without providing evidence or considering counterarguments.

Subjectivism: Subjectivism is the belief that all knowledge is subjective and based on individual experiences, feelings, and perspectives.

Relativism: Relativism is the philosophical view that truth, morality, and knowledge are not absolute but depend on context, culture, or individual perspectives.

Cynicism: Cynicism is a philosophical school of thought that emphasizes living in accordance with nature and rejecting conventional desires and societal norms.

Epicureanism: Epicureanism is a philosophy that advocates for a life of moderation and the pursuit of pleasure through simple living and the avoidance of pain.

Stoicism: Stoicism is a philosophy that teaches self-control, rationality, and resilience in the face of adversity. It emphasizes the importance of virtue and inner peace.

Skepticism: Skepticism is a philosophy that doubts the possibility of certain knowledge, often challenging established beliefs and seeking evidence or justification for claims.

Medieval - VI-XIV Century 

Philosophy subordinated to theology. Faith as a center of philosophical study.

Scholasticism: Scholasticism refers to the philosophical and theological system that developed in medieval European universities, characterized by the synthesis of Christian theology and Aristotelian philosophy.

Realism: Realism is a philosophical position that asserts the existence of objective reality and that our perceptions and beliefs can correspond to this external reality.

Renaissance - XIV-XVI Century 

Man as the center of thought and not faith.

Humanism: Humanism is an intellectual and cultural movement that emphasizes human potential, reason, and secular values, often rejecting religious authority.

Modern - XVII-XVIII Century

Focuses on reason. Anthropocentrism. Abandonment of the dispute between faith and reason. Epistemology.

Rationalism: Rationalism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the role of reason and logic in acquiring knowledge and understanding the world.

Empiricism: Empiricism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of sensory experience and observation as the primary sources of knowledge.

Contemporary - XIX - Current days

Social issues and the well-being of humanity. Relationship between language and philosophy.

Idealism: Idealism is a philosophical position that asserts that reality is fundamentally mental or spiritual and that physical objects and experiences are products of the mind.

Criticism: Criticism in philosophy refers to the analysis and evaluation of ideas, arguments, and texts to assess their validity, soundness, and significance.

Existentialism: Existentialism is a philosophical movement that focuses on individual existence, freedom, and choice, often emphasizing the absence of inherent meaning in life.

Positivism: Positivism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes empirical observation and the scientific method as the only valid means of acquiring knowledge.

Historicism: Historicism is the view that historical context and development are essential for understanding ideas, cultures, and societies.

Pragmatism: Pragmatism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the practical consequences of beliefs and actions as the basis for determining their truth or value.

Phenomenology: Phenomenology is a philosophical method that focuses on the description and analysis of conscious experience, attempting to understand phenomena as they appear to consciousness.

Structuralism: Structuralism is a philosophical and linguistic approach that examines the underlying structures and systems that shape human thought, language, and culture.